Putting the Caliph in His Place: Power, Authority, and the Late Abbasid Caliphate

Modern scholars have often viewed the Abbasid caliphs of the eleventh and twelfth centuries as pale imitations of their eighth- and ninth- century ancestors. Following the rise of the Buyid amirate in the tenth century, scholars have turned their attention away from the Abbasids - viewing them as inconsequential puppets controlled by stronger powers - and focused their studies on the development of the Buyid and Saljuq dynasties. After the Buyid deposition of the Abbasid caliph, al-Mustakfi, in the mid-tenth century, the Caliphate is said to have been relegated to puppet status, vainly clinging to its past glory until its destruction at the hands of the Mongols in 1258. To many, the Abbasids had either been forced to give up or had freely given away their ability to administer and defend the central Islamic lands. All that was left to them was the prestige of their institution, however vaguely defined. For this reason, there has been little if any modern research on the Abbasid caliphs of this period.